The basis of sagun (Materialised) upasana as per Hindu
Dharma is the puja vidhi (Ritualistic worship) of Deities.
‘Who has the time for puja in busy daily life?’ This is the
type of negative outlook many people have. Today, what we
see around is that in the name of puja, people just pour
water quickly over an Idol, apply tilak of gandha
(Sandalwood paste), offer some flowers and wave an incense
stick. However, can this hurried act be ever called puja of
God, the one who takes complete care of our sustenance? Why
should God shower His grace upon us? If we honour God by
performing His puja in an appropriate manner, just as the
respectful way in which we treat a guest, then God will be
pleased with us and shower His abundant grace upon us.
Hence, the scriptures have taught us to abide by Dharma
(Righteousness) in a ritualistic and bhāv (Spiritual
emotion) enriched manner by teaching us to worship God in
sixteen sequential steps, such as invoking God, offering Him
a seat, offering Him water to wash His Holy feet etc.
Performing puja in this manner is known as Shodashopachar
puja, that is, puja performed using sixteen specific
substances. Out of these sixteen upachars (Specific steps in
ritual); the five upachars, namely, Applying gandha,
Offering flowers, Waving dhoop (Frankincense), Arati and
Offering Naivedya form the Panchopachar puja. If it is not
possible to perform Shodashopachar puja, then one can
perform Panchopachar puja.